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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Holly leaf miner ： ウィキペディア英語版 Holly leaf miner ''Phytomyza ilicis'', the ''holly leaf miner'', is a fly whose larvae burrow into leaves of the holly tree (''Ilex aquifolium'') leaving characteristic pale trails or leaf mines. The holly leaf miner has frequently been used in ecological studies as a system to study food webs since examination of the leaves can reveal whether the leaf miner has successfully emerged, been killed by a parasitic wasp, or been predated by blue tits.〔Owen, D. F. (1975). The efficiency of blue tits Parus caeruleus preying on larvae of Phytomyza ilicis. - Ibis 117: 515 - 516.〕 == Life cycle == Female Agromyzidae insert an egg in the leaf tissue using an ovipositor. In the case of ''Ph. ilicis'' this poses a problem, because the leaf of the hostplant is unusually tough. Only during the annual flush in April, May, when new leaves unfold, oviposition is possible. Oviposition is in the underside of the petiole, or the basal part of the midrib. Oviposition induces the formation of a characteristic oviposition scar, enabling an estimate of the number of eggs that has been deposited. The emerging larva tunnels within the midrib, in the direction of the leaf tip. Only around January it enters the leaf blade, and starts making a recognisable leaf mine.〔Miall, L. C.; Taylor T. H. (1907). The structure and life-history of the holly-fly. Transactions of the entomological Society of London 1907(2): 259-283.〕 Up to three mines may occur on a leaf - often much less than the number of oviposition scars, suggesting that intra-leaf competition has taken place.〔Ellis, W. N. (2000). Biological notes on the holly leaf miner, Phytomyza ilicis (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 60: 165-170.〕 The adult emerges in late May–June and leaves a >1 mm emergence hole (exit holes made by parasitoids are much smaller). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Holly leaf miner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.